Pressure testing apparatus and control circuits therefor



June 14, 1949- H.- w. HOFFMAN ETAL PRESSURE TESTING APPARATUS AND CONTROL CIRCUITS THEREFOR Fil'ed Jan. 20, 1944 2 Sheejzs-Sheet l Jlln 14, 1949 ,H. w. HOFFMAN ErAL 2,472,973

PRESSURE TESTING APPARATUS, AND CONTROL CIRCUITS THEREFOR Filed Jan. 20, 1944 -2 Sheets-Sheet 2 y VMM Patented June 14, 1949 ...alcaxzporation ofnMinnesQta-- :1.1i :n

eingegangenen 20, 1944.,.Seie11ie- 51M@ a 1.2 Claims. (Cl, 737740.)

This.invention-'relates tojfapparatusfortesting ically illustratesf'the nv'entibnas 'appliedf'to the byxtlie appliation ofpreas'suie to any desired value testing of Vessels'. or. tafls fori leak'zu'ge under ap.- Whereinia change 'partiularly-a#debraserot the piliedliiuidpres's'urel -Ii'Figulre 2 theftessl underpressureduring-the"tstingperiod isindieative' ofgoing tstisillustritedst'If'and i's provided with the holding capacity'ofTtlei-device'iundetest. afnipplerll'whiehf iis eoupled'by`m'eas"ofthe The inventonhsv-speeioipplicationYin'theFtst- F easily "removable iizicn 112,01". theooupling'fto ing-of tanksor vesselsvvitlrfiuid pressure wherein nipple Ivofarlpressure supply line M. "The-air pressure isz'appliedlfand then th'a-ppl'icatin of pressure supply'ies provided With ai-'s'hut-"oi pressure: discontinued'andftlie decrease of pres- Valve 5f andsal pres-sure regulating-L nd`freduing sure' during thetesting-eriodgdf enit, utilized for 10 valve yI6 df usual design YAir.ipresslueis Supplied the.indication;ofifflurenndtlierwork operation, by means of'pip." I 1. fromfany convenient sourc'e.

such as :discarding th'euni't under'test. I It-iis A'thepurpose-of':the pressure-regulating 1valve Itis an object'fof'.:theiinventionvtci@providean Itofsupplyrfrom line. Fifa-uniform ornearly-iiniapparatus :and systemaffor testing/apparatus 'by form pressure, online tti-but dueto. the irreguapplied pressure ornpotentialx'andmore articu- 15 lairitefntheoperation-of thev reducing. 'and regularly to provide. afpre'ssure. testirigfapparatus'ffor lating valve" I6; the pressure on line 'i4 may Vary testing vessels ortankszforfsleakag under'fsus- Within,commerciallyavailablelimitsl To line I4 tained pressure. `It is falso an.` obje'ctff tlieinventhere is also'eoupled-af'r I8 having air-pressure tion-tofprovidefan1apparatuseapalleo being gauge 2li-mounted thereor1;- rIfo the T there is utilized with,varlablefpressureszonpotentials;and 20 also connected line 2l which is equipped with yet capable of, accurately.: indicating. any decrease shut-,oifvalve 22; or change in pressure or potentialfapplied to the HLi-.ne 2-I extends tovafpressure respQnSVe apvessel vor apparatus-undelfging testing. paratus generallydesignate-25,`oomprising`com- .-It is. a further-object Qfcfthe inventiri to pro- Dlt/mentally xal'ged Containers 26"afnd 27" Which vide agtesting apparatus Whereimtesting is ini- 25 are fastened at the flanges 28.by screws or other tiated-by an opera-tenseur; isAtermimated,l in casev suitable fastening' ldevieesfv rEhe-member. 2li-'is of failure, at anothenfstationas Yby an' inspector. mounted by. means or braelget 29 in any suitable Ii-,Lis alsovanobject' of-v'the invention'to provide rnanner. -'Between-tl1e -flangesr287 there is 'fasa sensitive fluid.:pressure testing .apparatus ca'- tnedra rubbendiapliraginll Which-is normally pable of beingv utilized'inviconnection with sys.- 34)- situated in a at plane directly-in a line With-the temswhereinfmhetesting pressure is' variable. anee 213. The sommigen-211s provided Withen Other Aand further-aobjects.Qfftheinventionf are l .Collar 31'V Which 1S filled` t receive .a stem:

those inherentzin the apparatus illustrated, de- QSQUPODAWCI th @ed 2f Clip 3.4 fCn" terthan.. the(interior-of scribedand claimed: e im i l sderably-sinaller dia The invention is illustrated by the. drawings 35 theentainer 21o. Alightspringmaybe .provided wherein e r y. :w: i' :n at. 3,6, if desired, to'"niaintfai'nl )the iiangeA 3l; of; v-lligure 1 is a wiring diagram ofithe testing apthe.. Cubin Contact with the rubber diaphi'agmparatus;.v .i i i- T he outer lend 3B'f Vthe..,stern 3.73 arranged to f FigureZ' is aischematicdiagramshowing-a porabut against the sWi g, arm 3.1iv of apressure tion of 'thexphysicalf testing: apparatusgeertin 4u relay iheCh-ar'lvisil desi-@gated 40, illusportions ofthe .testing apparatus being'fshown in tgllatedlfl'fgille'2.da Fig'iirs; 4 and 5'. s section; i @if V* `I .'I.Ifl'fly,feSJIBQVIHSIXI vllsaf angle-H611 s Figures 3, ranas are respectively rop, side eie- Support hating' a "base d baclf'?. 'which vationalandzendteleirational views of'a ele ent f, f thefp'ressuredeofthe testingfaspparatusga'fpatffofFigure e` a te base'nayf be. used ing` shown in s'ectimthe"remainderii elevatiqn; y lie. bas there; lare vmounted Figures. 6 fand 7.'are'espeti'velyerfd-andlside ail"oi'superiinlio'sed"insulatinglblocks '44 and elevational Viewsbfranothr portn'o e'tefst'- tl'i ingapparatusranda Figure 81 is a'lsecti'onal yewiofthe apparatus l n shown in Figures :Strand 7 taken n the direction olarrows 8.-;-1-:8 oflligfureel; a

Throughout thelidraWI-xgs cor espQnding numeralsreferto the.sainaparts..`.i=` i Referringfto. .the drawings, Figure, 2?- "scheinat-` 49." The, insulating 'Spesen Whaelsiheldieple-brmeausr ascrew' relug 53 having a terminal 54 thereon. At the opposite end the block 45 is drilled out to the depth shown at 56, the intermediate portion between holes 56 and 5| being drilled in a smaller diameter, as illustrated at 51, to receive a rod 59 of conducting material which is preferably tipped at 69 with a contact material such as silver or platinumiridium alloy. The end insulating block 49 is likewise drilled out at 6| in line with the hole 56 in the block 45 so as to allow free passage of the rod 59 therethrough. Spring 52 normally urges the rod 59 to the left, as shown in Figures 2 and 4.

Resting upon the insulating block 45 there is mounted a core and winding assembly generally designated 65. The portion 66 of the core is E-shaped and is stationary, being solidly fastened to the back 42 of the framework by means of a plurality of screws '69 which pass through the spacing block 69 so as to maintain the core at an appropriate distance from the back 42 to allow space for the winding. The stationary E-shaped portion of the core is terminated in a horizontal upper surface 19, except for the preferably thick front and back laminations 1| and 12 which extend upwardly to the level 13, as illustrated in Figure 4 so as to form a guide for the movable armature generally designated 15.

The armature is likewise made up of a plurality of laminations held together by means of rivets or other fastenings. The armature 15 is normally maintained out of contact with the stationary core by means of a spring 19 which rests in a hole 19 in the E-shaped core 65 and extends upwardly into a corresponding countersunk hole 89 in the under side of the movable armature. The armature 15 and also the middle leg of the stationary E-shaped core 65 are drilled to receive the vertically movable locking rod 82 which is fastened to the leaf spring 83, the latter in turn being flexibly attached to the armature by means of the screws 84 and 95. The stationary core 65 is provided with shading coils 88 and 89 and the armature is provided with a shading coil 16 to prevent chattering. A pair of screws 99 extending outwardly from the back board 42 serve as a back stop to keep the armature 15 from moving too far upwardly under the inuence of the spring 18. The stationary core 95 is provided with a winding ||9.

Upon the insulating block 49 there is mounted a spring contact 92 provided with a contact tip 93 positioned to cooperate with the contact 69 on rod 59. The pivotal arm 39 is mounted by means of the pivot block 95 which is fastened to the back 42 by means of screws 96. The `pivot block 95 is provided with a pivot pin 91 which serves to suspend the swinging arm 39. The arm 39 is provided with a round insulating button 99 which abuts against the back of spring contact 92. Swinging movement of the arm 39 to the left, as shown in Figures 2 and 4, is limited by the head of the adjustable screw |99.

Referring'to the wiring diagram Figure 1, there are provided alternating current supply lines L1 and La, the Aformer being connected through a disconnect switch |9| and through a fuse |92 to the line L1, which serves with line L2 as the power supply lines of the system. The controls illustrated in Figure l are located at an operators station and at an inspectors station as indicated by the dotted line enclosures. At the operators station there is provided push button |95, one terminal of which is connected to L1v and the other terminal of which is connected through line |96 to junction |91. A parallel connected inspectors station push button |98 likewise has one terminal connected to line Li and the other terminal connected through line |93 to junction |91. From junction |91 line |96 extends to junction |94 and thence through the winding of alternating current relay |99 to line Lz. Relay |99 is provided with two pairs of contacts, viz. |99A and |99B, both of which are open when winding |99 is de-energized. From junction |94 line |96 likewise extends to one terminal of winding |9 of the pressure relay 49, the other terminal of the winding being connected to line La. Pressure relay 49 is provided with one pair of contacts 69 and 93, which are normally closed in the testing operation and which open upon decrease in pressure in the vessel being tested. From line L1 a circuit extends through contacts |99A of relay |99 to junction which is cross connected, through line ||2 to junction ||3. From junction a circuit extends through line ||4 to one terminal of a motor winding 6, the other terminal of the winding being connected to L2.

The motor generally designated ||1 serves, through suitable gearing 8 and cam ||9 (Figures 1 and 8) to operate a pair of cam-operated switches 129A and |29B which are preferably of the microswitch type. The motor ||1 together with its switches |29A and |29B are illustrated in Figures 6, 7 and 8. The motor may conveniently be of the Telechron type, having a winding l I6 mounted upon the motor armature core |2I which in turn supports a case |22 containing the revolving armature and gearing terminating in the slowly rotating shaft |23. Upon the shaft |23 there is conveniently mounted a single cam ||9 shaped as illustrated in Figure 8, to have a single narrow lobe |26 operating the movable element |24 of the microswitch, generally designated |21.

The microswitch includes one pair of contacts |29A which are open when the operating element |24 of the microswitch is on the cam lobe |26 and a pair of contacts |29B which are closed with the operating element in the same position.

Figures 6, 7 and 8 show the manner in which the timer switch is constructed; Figure 1 illustrates the wiring connections of timer motor ||1 and time contacts |29A and |29B; Figure 8 illustrates the position with the timer motor stopped, between tests. As the motor ||1 operates and cam H9 rotates, contacts |29B open and contacts |29A close and remain thus closed -for the time period required for the cam |9 to make one revolution, whereupon the motor is de-energized. The motor-driven switches |29A and |29B are thus timing switches and establish the testing period for the tank or vessel undergoing pressure testing. The time interval may obviously be varied to suit the requirements of the testing operation. From junction ||3 a line |3| extends through indicator lamp |32 at the inspectors lstation and from junction H3 there also extends a line |33 through a corresponding indicator lamp |34 at the operators station. The lamps are lighted during the testing period,

One terminal of contact V|29A of the motordriven timing switch is connected to line L1 and the other terminal to junction |94 and switch |29A is accordingly in parallel with the push buttons and |98 at the operators and inspectors stations. One terminal of the motor-driven timing switch Contact |29B isconnected to line L1 and the other terminal is connected through line Circuit extends through-1 lline il39'v'to (Shelter-Initial ofY the winding of relay IMlftheotherftermnal of the winding beingconnectedtoline'a. VRelay I'40is' provided with only one `c'o'iltact I Mft-which is closed "'when'fpthe" windingfof f 'relay 114% 'tis vde, energized and is open Whenfthe winding. is fener'gizped. Relay "|40 is :energized through cam switchlztB; wnuejtnel-uming motor is' miente-I twe'en tests, "andis" valso energized lilrrglg the test, exfcept `when vfailure o'ccu-rs', :asl hereinafter-shown.

From linel L1' afircuit ,extends throughcontact |093 and thence through line A:Ill and thi normally closed`l contacts H HJAj-ofI l'relay I4 'j naaien |42". and uthence through r e f liga; {junction} 41 to' one terminal oi 'the Vwin ng'oil'alarni relay ."'I 5B, the other terminal 'of 'thiswi'ndningilbe-` ing connected through ahorlnally Icl-o'secb,inspeletos station reset button |60 toilinillz. Alarm relay'fIBis provided with two `pairs of contacts,- thelrst pair'being I-EDAwhich are penwhenthe Winding of -relay v|510 is de-energized. I,One contact `I'SIJA is connected to L1, the other being 'connected through linev |5I to junctionhl42.` The second vpair of "contactsof'the Aalarin relay fI are'illust'rated .at "115GB, thispair of contactsl being closed when the winding Vof lalarn'ir relay ISU-lis de-energized. y One'of the contacts, |50Bis con-V ne'ct'ed'v to `line L1, the. other .terminal being connected tothe terminal 93 fof the pressure relay 4|) and thence 4through"'cc'untactfGI! of 'the pressure relay to junction |33, "'AJcondenseriliandev sistor |46 are connected in parallel aroundjcon-l.

tacts 6|) and 93 .oirelayd to minrnizesparkipg.

Y'Junction II 41 on line |43fis .connected to work circuit |48 which serves as a vfeederior the circuit '|49 orltuzzer4 152, circuit |53v crimp-alarma; and circuit |55` oiI the 'lamp alalr 1n |56y. The buzzeralarm |52 `andlainpalarrn I lsijjare at the inspectors 4station'and `lamp'alarm I|56 is `atthe operator-s station. All three alarms |52,` ld'and |55 `are connected in parallel and are operated simultaneously. Ifdesired, the workejection ,device I 56" or'other'work element for--ejecting or marking the defective part, or performing any desired work function, mayfliel incorporated shown and energized in parallel'by 1ine.|55.

Operation In "utilizing the apparatus,`- the boxv or tank undergoing testing is connected through unioni? tothe air pressure supply line I4 and valve I5is opened so as to establish -pressure in the vessel undergoing testing. At this timevvalvelz is open, After the pressure in the vessel'jundeijgoingtest-f ing "has built up to line. pressure onl'ine I4,` as indicated by gauge 2D, valve I5 `is closedfnd the operator pushes .button |95 for 'a short period to initiate the testing cycle. The pressure estabalished in the vesselA I :undergoing testing serves tol flex the diaphragin'3`which `pushes-ag`ains`t the cup 34 and thusl forces Stem 33fagainstthe action of spring 36, ifl used,'th`us tending/toswing arm 39in a counter-.clockwise .direction with-the result thatlcontact. 923 vis moved lagainst rodzcon-.f tact 60. The permissible movement of Contact 83 is relatively large to accommodate varying pressure-on diaphragm 3 3, land-asga consequence of thepressureexerted bythe diaphragm 39,1rod 331s moved, thus swingingarm 4`39,- andimoving contacts @gaand-st asaunit-to the right, as-shown iii-,Figures l-2` ,and-4;v againstthepressurefof'eprings 3,6.and 52 untilfthe pressure efr-sp'ringsz-' andff'5'1j2 ingf asiraiuntyis f-.t-husi` adj usted r. automatcallylain accordance:withzpthesapplied-LpressuraQand there.

' 'Iheiclosureqoflaicircuitf through: operators sta.-V tiong-:bfutton |95 serves :toestablish a circuitiironr linerLi-through button-II 05- lline |06, to junction |0;1;'1ine I06,f to iunctionIA.' As-'a result the windings'o frelay.- y|199 .a and Winding H 0 .Qf .the pressure relay;4D=vare-bothfenergized The energization of thelwinding IIO ,ofpressure .relayn 'serves .1to1-pull' thearrnature 1 5fdoWI1Wa1dly into contact with the f stationaryacore 165,v against ,the

actiong'of :spring `1 'In;. going, downward, rod 8.2 is lorouglfitv into vcontact with the horizontal rod'59. It willbenotei oifcoursegthat rod 82 ,isiflexibly nrountedwthrespect to armature 15, by meansof springgl and hencearmature A1511s free to go sol-,- id ly. into-r Contact with -the "stationary core. B5 withoutexerting-.excessive pressure upon thelockingzrod`82 whichis nevertheless held firmly in engagementwith contact rod, locking the latter againstlateralmovement once thewinding I |051 of the 1 pressurezrelaysm is` energized. Thus, whenthefoperator .pusheslthe button' |135, this locks contacts and-"93;intheposition estab.- 1ished.gbyfthef.pressure-applied to 'the vessel IIJ undergoing testing.

The I closure.:of` Contact 109A .of relay IUS) `es@ tablishes' acircuit,,frornjline iLi tojunctiOn' III andyfroniajunctiorr III through line I'I 2, to junctionII Bfandthencathrough` lines.I I 3 I and* |33 to thevisualvsignals |32: and' |34 at the:inspector-s station .andfoperators station respectively. These s i-gnalsfindicate. thef'test isf under way. From junction Ig!thecircuitextends throughl line I"|4., to winding-I .I 6210i thetiming motor I I1. The tim ingv motor frthus' startsf and quickly opens contact Igel-3 and .closes .contact- 120A the latter establishlng acircuitfin parallelI with' the vpush button 105. thus maintaining the circuit from line L1 to junction: |04 andfhence :maintains the energization of'frelay-'windingvl 0.91:;andxenergization of the winding `I| Q -of'` pressure i relay 1 40.

'When the timingV motor' I .|1'f'is inthe normal stopping position its contacts I 2|)Bserve`to maintainrelay 'Morenergi'zedfand hence during 'the pferiodlthat re-.connection ofi4 vessels undergoing testing is made noralarm/ican be given. Contact 29B"is"alsof`used1"for the .purpose of 'by-passing contactsg' andsarduringthe time at which the inspection i-s"started.` -Pressurei relay 40 isvery sensitive.;and'fr'riay.1 sometimes" operate due tol extraneous vibration; thus the slightjarring' caused hygthevarious relays as'they operate is some'tlnes suicienbtofbouncethe contacts and 93, causing thefa-larmtoso'und immediately giving a faulty inspection. VHencefcontacts|2013 Joy-'pass contacts Gli-:and vj 93 :of pressure relay "'40- until the "test the--beginningof-f4 the-"test cycle, contact IZ'llBfis opened; butfthisdoes notserve to de-ene-gfle relay MIJ-because the pressure relay' 40, contacts BDandv'S; have infthe'rnieantime beenclosed, 'and contacts -IEIJBV fof :'alarfn 'relay ist A'arelikewise closed`r due fito? tlfieia'ct` that the `alarrn relay I is.-normally-'not=energized until failure occurs. Hencefso `long as fthe pressure relay contacts V60 anuffes remain-closed. 'thus indicating a satis- `factoryfrnai'ntenance foffpress'ure vin thev vessell undergoing vtesting relay i I 4'0 likewise remains energizedandits-panier contacts 1 l segregate open.

The energlzation of relay 09 at the beginning balances the pressure exertedby *thee-diaphragm@ T15 1ofitl'ieftstiig-rcycle 'served-'to v"close contacts IISB (in addition to the closure of contacts illSA) but the closure of contacts lilB merely sets up but does not close a circuit extending from line L1, through contacts IllilB, line IM, contacts IMA (which are then open due to the energization of the Winding of relay Mt), thence to junction |42, line |43, to one terminal of the winding of alarm relay |50, thence through reset push button |60 to line L2. Likewise, due to the iact that alarm relay lll remains de-energized when pressure is maintained satisfactorily during the test, its contacts IMA remain open.

In the event there is a leak in vessel l0, the pressure drop in the vessel permits the rubber diaphragm 3Q to retract and hence moves rodl 33 and swinging arm 39 to the left, as illustrated in Figures 2 and 4. After a very small drop in pressure, contact 93 separates from contact 60 (pressure relay 4!) and this serves to de-energize the winding of relay |43. The latter consequently moves to the de-energized position and closes 'its contacts MUA, thus closing the circuit already prepared by closure of contacts HHB to the Winding of alarm relay |50. The alarm relay |50 is accordingly energized, opening its contacts 150B and establishes a self-holding circuit from line Li, through contacts IMA and line to junction |42 and thence as previously described. Contact iB insures the interruption of the circuit of relay Mil once that circuit has been opened via relay lill. This gives better performance because the contacts 93 and Si? of pressure relay are very sensitive and are separated at rst by a Very small distance. Any mechanical jar or other vibration would cause contacts lit- 93 to spark were it not for the function of relay |40. In this way detrimental chattering and resultant unstable performance are prevented. Due to the application of potential of lineLi through contact Esta to junction M2 and line |113, enu ergy is likewise supplied to the work circuit |48 and to buzzer alarm |52 and lamp alarm |54 at the inspectors station and to the lamp alarm |56 at the operators station. These alarms and any work operations that may be accomplished by element 56 remain in operation and can only be de-energized by opening of the circuit of alarm relay lll at reset button |60 located at the inspectors station. The responsibility for discarding any vessels lll which do not meet the pressure test thus rests solely upon the inspector since no further testing can proceed without his authorization and his operation of the reset push button |5363. Division of responsibility is accordingly minimized.

The operation of timing motor l continues regardless o1" opening of the pressure relay contacts El@ and S3 until cam H9 reaches a position such that lobe I 26 moves contact IZA to the open position and MGB to the closed position. The opening of contacts |2UA serves to deenergiae relay ma and the closure of contact IZESB establishes a circuit from line L1 to junction |38, thus energizing relay |40. The de-energization of relay HB9 serves to open contacts illSlA, thus stopping the operation of the timing motor Hi and likewise opens contact HMB. It will thus be observed that the circuit extending from line L1 vthrough contacts H3913 and line Mi and contacts EMA is open at contact HMB, but the alarm relay |523 nevertheless remains energized through its self-holding circuit via contacts |5BA, which remain closed until the alarm relay |551 is de-energized.

Before the apparatus is in condition for further test, the reset button at the inspectors station must be pressed, thus de-energizing relay |59 so as to re-establish the initial conditions, previously described.

Many variations may be made in the apparatus illustrated, described and claimed without departing from the spirit of the invention. Thus. by varying the responsive devices at 25, the apparatus undergoing test may be subjected to any desired potential, fluid pressure or otherwise, wherein a potential is established, and a decrease in potential utilized for giving the alarm. These and other variations are deemed to be within the purview of the invention claimed.

What we claim iS:

l. An apparatus for testing vessels for tightness to fluids under pressure comprising a pressure responsive device equipped to be attached to the vessel undergoing testing, said device including a pressure responsive contact movable through a range of positions in response to the pressure applied thereto, a cooperating follower contact maintained in engagement with the pressure responsive contact throughout said movement, said pressure responsive contact being movable in a direction away from said follower Contact in response to a decrease in pressure, a first operator control, means responsive to said first operator control for locking said follower contact, work means set into action in response to an opening of said contacts, and second operator control means located at another station having exclusive control of said Work means for halting the operation thereof after the operation has been initiated.

A. testing system comprising a pressure responsive switch which is normally closed upon pressure being applied thereto and having means capable oi locking a member of said switch such that a subsequent decrease in pressure will cause the opening of said switch, work means under control of said switch capable of being set in operation when said switch opens, operator controlled timing means for connecting said pressure responsive switch and Work means in operative condition for a predetermined time period beginning when said pressure responsive switch has been locked by pressure applied thereto, and second operator controlled interrupting means for halting the operation of said work means in the event it is actuated during said time period.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 further characterized in that the operator controlled timing means includes a push button and an initiating circuit controlled thereby for initiating operation of said timing means and a holding circuit controlled by said timing means for maintaining operation thereof for a predetermined period.

4. The apparatus of claim 2 further characterized in that said timing means includes means for precluding eiective operation of said work means for a short period at the beginning of each testing cycle.

5. A system for testing vessels for leaks under applied pressure, including a pressure responsive switch which is movable to closed position due to application of testing pressure and which is capable of adjustment under inuence of said pressure throughout a range of pressure positions, operator controlled means for locking said switch in any position in which it has been .moved responsive to said testing pressure, means responsive to a subsequent opening of the contacts due to a change in pressure for maintaining the circuit of said contacts open and initiating energization ofv a work circuit.

6. The system of claim 5 further characterized in that it includes a cyclic time switch, the cyclic operation of which is initiated by said operator controlled means and means operated by said cyclic time switch for preparing said Work circuit controlled by said pressure responsive switch.

'7.'A The vsystem of claim 5 further characterized in that the energization of said work circuit actuates work means capable of maintaining said initiating circuit open.

8. In a system for testing vessels for leaks under'sustained pressure, including means for applying a charge of uid under pressure to a vessel undergoing test, a pressure responsive switch having a pressure element connectable to said vessel and a pressure operated contact movable into a closed position against a movable contact for establishing a normally closed control circuit, the improvement comprising, means including an operator controlled switch at a first station for locking said movable contact in any position to which it is moved by the pressure operated contact, relay means connected to and operated in response to closure of said operator controlled switch at said iirst station; and cyclic timing means responsive to said relay means for opening a shunt circuit around said pressure responsive normally closed switch contacts in said normally closed control circuit, means responsive to the de-energization of said normally closed control circuit due to the opening of said normally closed pressure responsive contacts when said shunt circuit is open for initiating energizaton of a work circuit.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 further characterized in that means is provided operable coincidental with initiation of energization of said work circuit for maintaining open at another place said normally closed circuit control cir-cuit which is de-energized when said pressure responsive contacts have opened.

10. The apparatus of claim 8 further characterized in that means is provided which is operable coincidental with energization of said work circuit for maintaining said work circuit energized.

11. The apparatus of claim 8 further characterized in that said cyclic timing means includes means for maintaining said normally closed control circuit in closed condition at the beginning and end of said cycles of timing.

12. The apparatus of claim 8 further characterized in that second operator controlled means is provided at another station for de-energizing said work circuit.

HARRY WILLIAM HOFFMAN. GROVER H. HELMER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,429,949 Jacobs Sept. 26, 1922 1,850,208 Jones Mar. 22, 1932 1,884,942 Widell Oct. 25, 1932 2,226,325 Sandford Dec. 24, 1940 2,232,711 Maher Feb. 25, 1941 2,268,124 Maybarduk Dec. 30, 1941 

